What is Debt Consolidation for Credit Cards and How Does it Work?

Managing money in today’s economy isn’t easy. Despite best efforts, 1 in 6 New Zealanders feel like they’re falling behind financially, according to the Financial Markets Authority. And while more than half are prioritising high-interest credit card debt, many still struggle to get ahead.

But most Kiwis aren’t taking this lying down. About 66% are looking for ways to improve their finances, even if talking about money feels uncomfortable.

If you’re one of these Kiwis, then you’ve probably heard of debt consolidation for credit cards. Like any financial decision though, it’s important to weigh the pros and cons.  In this guide, we’ll break down how to consolidate debt, and what to consider before applying. 

What is Debt Consolidation?

Debt consolidation is combining all your existing debts into one manageable loan. Instead of juggling multiple debt repayments with different due dates and interest rates, you’ll have just one monthly payment to worry about.

When you refinance expensive credit card debt, personal loans, or overdrafts into a lending product with a lower interest rate, you could reduce monthly payments and save thousands over time. 

Learn more: What is Debt Consolidation and Why Consider it

What Debts Can You Consolidate?

Unfortunately, you can’t apply for a debt consolidation loan for everything. It only works on unsecured personal debt, such as:

• Store cards and credit cards
• Personal loans
• Overdrafts
• Hire purchase agreements

Debts Not Advisable for Consolidation Loans

Secured debts are tied to specific assets, like your home or your car. Besides, mortgage interest rates are lower than unsecured debt. Plus, the asset serves as collateral, which means different terms and conditions apply.

• Student loans
• Mortgages
• Car loans (in most cases)

An Example of How to Consolidate Debt Effectively

Now you know what debt consolidation means, but what does it look like applied to the average Kiwi? Here’s an example. 

Meet Sarah, a 29-year-old marketing coordinator from Auckland. She’s been carrying multiple debts with high interest rates that are eating into her budget each month.

Sarah’s current debts:

• Credit card: $6,800 at 19.5% interest
• Personal loan for home improvements: $5,200 at 16% interest
• Overdraft facility: $1,300 at 21% interest
• Medical payment plan: $1,200 at 15% interest

That’s four different payments, four different due dates, and a total of $14,500 in high-interest debt. By taking out a debt consolidation loan at a lower interest of 12%, Sarah simplifies her finances into one loan and saves thousands in interest charges. 

Is there Anything Special about a Debt Consolidation Loan?

No, it’s just a new loan that’s large enough to cover all or part of your existing loans. You borrow money, use it to pay off all your smaller debts with a higher interest rate, then focus on repaying this one new loan. 

Like any loan, approval isn’t guaranteed. You’ll need to demonstrate to lenders that you can handle the responsibility. Talk to your lender about realistic loan repayment interest rates and timelines. 

Now comes the critical part that many people overlook. Debt management via consolidation only works if you resist the temptation to spend. It’s like clearing out a cluttered garage only to fill it with more stuff. You’ll end up back where you started, but potentially in worse shape

Your Guide to Eliminating Higher-Interest Debt via Debt Consolidation

Getting the right loan amount isn’t guesswork, it’s about being honest with your numbers. Here’s a step-by-step roadmap to consolidate your debts into a single loan:

Step 1: Add Up Your Target Debts 

List all the debt you have in the first place, along with the current interest rates. This will show you which loans are best suited for consolidation. Then calculate how much you need to borrow by totaling all the loans and credit card debt you want to consolidate. This is the total amount you need to borrow

Step 2: Determine How Much You can Pay Each Month

Don’t fall into the trap of overestimating your repayment ability. That’s how many people got into debt in the first place. 

Look at your bank statements and see how much is left after covering your essential expenses. Don’t include the debts you’re consolidating. This amount is your ‘free cash flow.’

Divide the total loan amount by this free cash flow figure to see how many months you’d need to repay the loan. 

Step 3: Build in Your Safety Buffer

Life has a way of throwing curveballs. Multiply your estimated repayment period from the previous step by 1.5 to account for interest costs and unexpected expenses. This buffer gives you breathing room so you’re not struggling to make payments in the event of an emergency.

Step 4: Find the Lowest Interest Rate 

The interest rate determines how much the loan costs you. Even a difference of 2-3% can save you thousands over the life of your debt consolidation loan. Interest rates vary based on your credit history, and the bank or lender, so shop around and compare offers.

Does Debt Consolidation Impact Your Credit Score?

Think of your credit score as your financial reputation. Every loan, missed payment, or new credit card affects how lenders see you. Consolidating your debts into one manageable loan can help tidy up that reputation. But only if you continue to make good on payments and get out of debt. 

In New Zealand, your credit information is tracked by three agencies: Centrix, Equifax, and Illion. These agencies get notified when you miss repayments or open new lines of credit. Here’s how debt consolidation can affect your score:

How Debt Consolidation Loans Affect Your Credit Report

• Fewer open debts: Paying off multiple accounts and closing them reduces your total number of credit lines.
• On-time repayments: A single monthly repayment is easier to manage, which may help you avoid missed payments.
• Shows financial responsibility: Consolidating and repaying debt shows lenders that you’re serious about getting your finances in order.

Risks and Cons of Debt Consolidation

While debt consolidation can make managing your finances easier, it’s not without its risks. Because you’re replacing multiple debts with a single loan, often over a longer loan term. You could end up paying more in the long run if you’re not careful. 

Hidden fees, unfavourable terms, or slipping back into old spending habits can quickly undo the benefits. That’s why it’s important to go in with your eyes open and a solid plan.

1. Unexpected Fees

Some lenders may charge additional costs that aren’t always obvious upfront:

• Application or establishment fees
• Ongoing account or service fees
• Charges for late or missed payments

Always read the fee schedule and ask your lender for a full breakdown of costs before you apply. Debt consolidation can make existing debts cheaper but only if you’re not bogged down by little hidden fees. 

One example of a debt consolidation strategy that people misuse is a balance transfer credit card. These often have an interest-free period of 1 to 2 years, which is great. The thing though is the no-interest clause only applies to the consolidated debt you transferred to the card, not on new purchases. 

New purchases on a balance transfer credit card are charged the standard interest rates, which is about 19% p.a. to 25% p.a. 

2. Longer Repayment Terms = More Interest

Consolidation loans often give you the option to repay over a longer period. While this can reduce your monthly repayments, it may also mean you’ll pay much more in interest over time.

Choose a repayment term that balances affordability with speed. The faster you can repay the loan without straining your budget, the less interest you’ll pay overall.

Learn more: Frequently asked questions about consolidation loans

3. Early Repayment Penalties

Want to make extra payments on your debt consolidation loan? You might be surprised to find some lenders charge you for doing so.

Look for lenders who allow extra or early repayments without penalty. This gives you flexibility to pay off the loan faster if circumstances allow. 

Done Right, Debt Consolidation Can Save You Money

Debt consolidation isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution, but for many New Zealanders, it can be a helpful step toward regaining control of their finances. Just make sure you understand the terms and avoid taking on new debt. 

Alternate Finance offers debt consolidation loans for credit cards. Call us to discuss current offers, so we can help you determine the best way to pay off your existing debts.